Does Single/Combined Administration of Tramadol/Viagra Have Reversal Effects on Haematological and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Male Albino Rats?
Published: 2018-10-04
Page: 103-110
Issue: 2018 - Volume 1 [Issue 3]
Jacob Ransom Baribefii *
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Nnenna Ihua
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Eze Evelyn Mgbeoma
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Jeremiah Zaccheaus Awortu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated reversal effects of single/combined doses of tramadol/sildenafil drugs on haematological and anti-inflamatory cytokines in male albino rats.
Study Design: Case control study.
Methodology: Forty (40) male albino rats (180-220 g body weight) were grouped into 3 (n=12) administered orally with tramadol+sildenafil (6 and 4 mg/220 g.bwt), sildenafil (4 mg/180 g.bwt), tramadol (6 mg/180 g.bwt) and control group (n=4) for 3weeks and allowed for additional 3weeks without treatment. Rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture at the end of week 3 and 6 with 4ml of blood collected for analysis of haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC) count, White blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) using Elabscience ELISA-kits. GraphPad Prism 5.03 software was used to analyze data generated.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC count in sildenafil+tramadol, sildenafil only group when both phases are compared (p>0.05). There was however a reversal of effect in platelets count (630±48.9 vs 370±44.3) for sildenafil+tramadol group but not sildenafil only group when both phases were compared (p<0.05). There was significant reversal effect in HB (13.8±1.68 vs 15.4±0.42), PCV (40.5±0.53 vs 47.8±1.09) and platelets count (813±34.8 vs 506±104) in tramadol only group when both phases were compared (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in RBC and WBC count in tramadol group (p>0.05). Cytokine parameters in sildenafil group showed no significant difference in IL-8, IL-10 (p>0.05). There was reversal effect in IL-8(282.1±7.65 vs 556.8±8.42), IL-10 (7.98±0.29 vs 12.88±0.83) in sildenafil+tramadol, IL-8 (341.7±5.63 vs 507.2±6.23), IL-10 (14.33±2.36 vs 23.8 ±2.18) in tramadol group.
Conclusion: Routine use of sildenafil+tramadol, sildenafil, tramadol causes derangement in haematological, anti-inflammatory cytokine resulting in negligibly reversibility in haematological parameters, marked reversibility in anti-inflammatory cytokine following their withdrawal. This effect can be applicable in humans who abuse these drugs. Thus, evaluation of the effect of these drugs on haemostatic and anti-inflammatory cytokines in humans is necessary.
Keywords: Tramadol, Sildenafil, haematological, anti-inflammatory, cytokine, interleukin