The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Hematological Parameters among Sudanese Healthy Individuals in Kosti City of the White Nile State, Sudan
Manasik Elghali
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, Kosti, Sudan.
Abdelhakam G. Tamomh *
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, Kosti, Sudan and Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, Sudan.
Amal Alrayah Ali AbdAlmageed
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, Kosti, Sudan.
Arafa Abd albage Blal Ahmed
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, Kosti, Sudan.
kholod Alnoor Fadul Maoula Ali
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, Kosti, Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Smoking has both acute and chronic effects on haematological parameters. Cigarette smoking prevention and control are crucial to decreasing or reducing the burden of smoking-related or associated health problems. Implementing the tobacco control policies, reducing the smoking prevalence by restricting tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of Cigarette Smoking on haematological parameters among Sudanese healthy volunteer Population in Kosti City.
Methods: A cross-section case control study, conducted during the period from July 2021 to September 2021. Include 100 blood samples, 50 from this sample were collected from Sudanese people that have cigarette smokers and 50 samples were collected from healthy individuals who do not smoke cigarettes as a control group. The data collected by questionnaires and blood samples, the haematological parameters measured by Sysmex analyser and the data analysed by SPSS.
Results: Our results show statistically significant increase in haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cells (RBCs), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the test group compared with the control group (P-value ≤ 0.05). An insignificant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), platelet (Plt) and neutrophil (Neut). And a significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cells (WBCs). The results of this study showed an insignificant difference between the haematological parameters in cigarette-smoking individuals according to duration and number of cigarettes per day (P-value ≥ 0.05).
Conclusions: Studying the effect of cigarette smoking on haematological parameters among Sudanese individuals may help to predict their health condition, resulting in early diagnosis and prognosis. Providing health education programs may reduce the prevalence of cigarette smoking, then decreasing their effect on blood parameters.
Keywords: Cigarette smoking, haematological parameters, tobacco, Sudan, public health