Asian Hematology Research Journal

Background: The Global Cancer Observatory (GCO, 2022) reported that different types of leukemia accounted for 3.6 % (7,457) of all new cancer cases in Mexico, with 5,126 (5.3 %) deaths. Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm, representing 15-20 % of leukemia cases, with an estimated incidence of 1-1.5 cases per 100,000. Higher incidence rates are observed in high-income countries. However, mortality is lower compared to low-income nations, primarily due to greater access to healthcare services. Therefore, ordering hematological and biochemical tests, as well as improving knowledge about their interpretation, is crucial for identifying the phase in which chronic myeloid leukemia is found, therefore, for staging and providing appropriate treatment, resulting in fewer complications and mortality.

Aim: To know the hematological, biochemical and demographic profile at the time of diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia in patients assigned to a third-level medical unit in Mexico.

Methods: The study was retrospective and descriptive in patients assigned to the hematology service of a public tertiary-level care hospital located in the central region of Mexico. Patients of both sexes with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia, alive to November 2025, and who had received initial treatment with Imatinib were included. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data; hematological data; biochemical data; and the stage of chronic myeloid leukemia identified at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, the period between diagnosis and initiation of Imatinib treatment, the prescribed Imatinib dose, and the time elapsed between the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia and November 2025 was determined. Descriptive statistics were applied using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results: We reviewed 311 medical records of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, only 54.0% met the selection criteria. The men represented 54.2 %. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.4 ± 13.5 years. The predominant phase at diagnosis was chronic (94 %). The hematological examination revealed mean hemoglobin level 11.3± 2.1 g/dL; mean leukocytes count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were 201509.3 ± 134524.4 uL, 117195.5 ± 99,551.6 uL, 15586.3 ± 44425.5 uL and 620346.4 ± 456385.2 µL respectively. Similarly mean of differential count of monocytes 2.8 ± 3.5 %; eosinophils 3.3 ± 4.0 %; and basophils 4.5 ± 5.0 % were also observed. The biochemical profile indicated mean values in serum creatinine of 0.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL; serum calcium (Ca) 8.8 ± 0.7 mg/dL; lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 655.6 ± 375.9 IU/L; and uric acid 6.3 ± 2.2 mg/dL.

Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia showed similar proportions between men and women. The average age was 42 years. The chronic phase predominated. Hematological and biochemical examinations showed the characteristic behavior of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, the age at diagnosis was lower compared to other international studies. Treatment initiation was delayed, primarily due to institutional guidelines.